A Full Emergency Alert is declared when an aircraft has:

A Full Emergency Alert is declared when an aircraft has been involved in an accident on or near the airport. This situation indicates a critical incident that could lead to severe consequences, warranting immediate and comprehensive response actions. A full emergency necessitates deploying emergency services, including fire and rescue teams, to ensure passenger safety and manage the incident effectively.

The scenario of an accident implies that there may be a threat to life, property, and the environment, which is why the alert is a vital step in mobilizing resources quickly. It allows all relevant parties, from airport management to emergency services, to coordinate their response efforts in real-time, as preparedness for potential hazards is essential in airport operations. This proactive approach enhances the efficiency of emergency management.

In contrast, flying past the runway threshold, entering a holding pattern, or requesting priority landing may indicate scenarios that require attention but do not, in themselves, signify emergencies warranting an elevated alert level. These situations involve routine operations or potential delays rather than an imminent crisis that requires an extensive emergency response.