What are the signs of an aircraft in distress?

The signs of an aircraft in distress include unusual flight patterns, smoke, and sudden changes in altitude or speed. These indicators can signal critical situations such as mechanical failures, loss of control, or emergencies onboard. Unusual flight patterns might indicate that the aircraft is experiencing difficulties in maintaining a stable course or altitude. Smoke is a clear indicator of potential fire or other serious issues impacting the aircraft's safety. Sudden changes in altitude or speed could suggest a malfunction of aircraft systems, an emergency descent, or evasive maneuvers being taken by the pilot to address an urgent situation.

In contrast, maintaining constant altitude and speed, regular communication with ground control, and increased passenger comfort indicators typically suggest that the aircraft is operating normally and not encountering distress. Following emergency protocols and recognizing distress signals enables effective responses from firefighting and emergency personnel.